Periodontal diseases are infections of the gums, which gradually destroy the support of your natural teeth. There are numerous disease entities requiring different treatment approaches. Dental plaque is the primary cause of gum disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Daily brushing and flossing will prevent most periodontal conditions.

Periodontal disease and decay are both caused by bacterial plaque. Plaque is a colorless film, which sticks to your teeth at the gum line. Plaque constantly forms on your teeth. By thorough daily brushing and flossing you can remove these germs and help prevent periodontal disease.

Periodontal diseases can be accelerated by a number of different factors. However, it is mainly caused by the bacteria found in dental plaque, a sticky colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth. If not carefully removed by daily brushing and flossing, plaque hardens into a rough, porous substance known as calculus (or tartar).

Other important factors affecting the health of your gums include:

• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Stress
• Clenching and grinding teeth
• Medication
• Poor nutrition
• Periodontal Disease
• Bacteria found in plaque produces toxins or poisons that irritate the gums, which may cause them to turn red, swell and bleed easily. If this irritation is prolonged, the gums separate from the teeth, causing pockets (spaces) to form. As periodontal diseases progress, the supporting gum tissue and bone that holds teeth in place deteriorate. If left untreated, this leads to tooth loss.

• Comprehensive dental cleanings– remove plaque and tartar buildup above the gumline.
• Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)– cleans below the gumline to eliminate bacteria and smooth root surfaces.
• Antibacterial rinses or localized antibiotics– reduce harmful bacteria in periodontal pockets.
• Laser therapy – targets infected tissue and promotes faster healing
• Regular periodontal maintenance visits– scheduled cleanings every 3–4 months to monitor and control gum health.

• Patient education– proper brushing, flossing, and home care techniques to maintain gum health.
• Smoking cessation support– reduces the risk of gum disease progression.
• Bite adjustment (occlusal therapy)– balances bite forces to reduce stress on gums and bone.
• Nutritional counseling– encourages a diet that supports healthy gums and immune response.